Glossary of Cataloging & General Terms
| Term |
Definition
/ Scope |
| AACR2 | Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd ed., revised. (American Library Association, the Library Association (U.K.) and the Canadian Library Association, 1988-). A detailed set of standardized rules for cataloging various types of library materials. Divided into two parts: rules for creting the bibliogrpahic description and rules governing the choice and form of entry of headings (access points) in the catalog. |
| AAT | Art & Architecture Thesaurus (Getty Institute): http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/aat/. A thesaurus, or hierarchical, list of preferred terms with cross references, of topical subject terms, forms, genres, occupations and function terms relating to art, architecture, and material culture. |
| AMIM I | Archival Moving Image Materials: a Cataloging Manual, 1st ed. (Library of Congress, 1984). Superceded by AMIM II. Rules for describing archival moving image materials. Intended to provide guidance within the general framework of the Anglo-American Catalogiuing Rules, 2nd edition (AACR2) |
| AMIM II | Archival Moving Image Materials: a Cataloging Manual, 2nd ed. (Library of Congress, 2000): http://lcweb.loc.goc/cds/catman.html#amima. Rules for describin archival moving image materials, Intended to provide guidance within the general framework of the Anglo-American Catalogiuing Rules, 2nd edition (AACR2). |
| APPM | Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts: a Cataloging Manual for Archival Repositories, Historical Societies and Manuscript Libraries. 2nd ed. (Society of American Archivists, 1989). Rules for describing primarily textual archival collections, although it includes rules for moving images. Intended to provide guidance within the general framework of the Anglo-American Catalogiuing Rules, 2nd edition (AACR2). |
| Audience | Constituencies or clientele served by the moving image organization. |
| Catalog | A formal inventory, description, and locating aid to the holdings of an archive, library, museum or other repository, often in card form or computer database form, |
| Card | A paper card, usually 3 x 5 inches in dimension, upon which a catalog record is typed or printed, after which the card is filed in a drawer, in some order, usually alphabetical. |
| Cataloging level | Refers to the level of focus for a cataloing record or description--higher than, lower than, or at te title level (resource level). |
| Classification scheme | A scheme, usually consisting of numbers or alphanumericor other notation that categorizes or subdivides a subject area or collection of materials. Most classification schemes were originally intended to organize physical items on the shelf. The result was a unique shelving location (call number) for each item that facilitated browsing of material by subject or author. |
| Collection level | Refers to a cataloging description or record that focuses on a collection or grouping of moving image or audio resources without necessarily describing or fully cataloging the individual resources. |
| Complementary resources | Non-moving image resources which complement or support the organization's moving image collection. |
| Content standard | A detailed set of rules for preparing bibliographic records to describe and represent items added to a library or archival collection. A content standard is established to maintain consistency within the catalog and between the catalogs or libraries or archives using the same standard. the word 'content' refers tp tje content of the bibliographic or descriptive record, not the content of the resource being described, such as a moving image resource. |
| DDC | Dewey Decimal Classification: http://www.oclc.org/dewey. A system of classifying library and archival materials, particularly in small and medium size libraries. An all-numeric systems, with new numbers added by decimal expansion. |
| Dublin Core | Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative): http://dublincore.org/. A standard set of 15 elements (title, creator, subject, etc.), with optional qualifiers and community-specific extensions. All elements are optional and repeatable within an application profile used to structure data elements into records customized for specific audiences. Dublin Core is used to structure descriptive information about a resource but also to map readily to other descriptive schema, to facilitate sharing information across different metadata schemas and user communities. First developed in the mid-1990s, and originally intended for use in describing web sites and web pages, Dublin Core is now used also for describing physical and digital collections in museums, libraries, archives and other repositories. |
| EAD | Encoded Archival Description (Society of American Archivisits, maintained by the Library of Congress): http://lcweb.loc.gov/ead. A data intrechange standard that defines the structural elements (and their interrelationships) to be used in creating archival inventories or registers (finding aids that supplement broad collection descriptions for archival collections). EAD includes descriptive metadata, metadata about the owning archive and the provenance of the material being described, in addition to the structural finding aid. |
| FIAF | The FIAF Cataloguing Rules for Film Archives (Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film - K.G. Saur, 1991). ryles for describing archival moving image materials, developed for an international audience by FIAF (Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film, or International Federation of Film Archives). Out of print. |
| Finding aids | Guides, inventories, indexes, registers, lists, or other sstems for retrieving archival materials. Finding aids usually provide detailed listings of individual items described collectively in a "collection-level" or "series-level" record. Typically used in archival collections, particularly text-based collections, for primary source materials, where full cataloging at the item level is cost-prohibitive. |
| IEEE-LOM | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)- Learning Object Metadata (IEEE): http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/. IEEE standard 1484.12.1 -2002, a set of data elements used to structure descriptive records and facilitate information sharing among learning communities. Intended for use in describing learning objects, online learning or instructional materials which have been created by a variety of learning software products, such as learning management systems, presentation software or complex authoring software. Developed in the late 1990s. |
| In-house | Any system, scheme or practice developed by and for a local archive, library, museum or other repository, and generally used only by that repository. |
| ISBD | International Standard Bibliographic Description (International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA)): http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/pubs/isbdg.htm. Bibliographic standard providing a general framework for the description of different kinds of library materials (books, serials, electronic resources, etc.), including the order of elements in the catalog entry and prescribed punctuation. ISBDs have been integrated into sevearl catalog codes around the world, including the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. (AACR2) and Archival Moving Image Materials: a Cataloging Manual (AMIM). |
| LCC | Library of Congress Classification (Library of Congress): http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/lcco.html. A system of classifying library and archival materials, particularly in larger research collections. Divides human knowledge into 20 broad categories indicated by single letters of the roman alphabet, with major subdivisions indicated by a second letter, and narrower subdivisions by decimal numbers and further alphabetic notation. |
| LCNAF | Library of Congress Name Authority File (Library of Congress). A comprehensive controlled vocabularly (established list of preferred terms, often with cross references), primarily of names and jurisdictions, used by thousands of institutions to describe and index persons or bodies who are the subject, or are responsible for the intellectual content of, library and archival material. Part of the Library of Congress Authorities (http://authorities.loc.gov/) |
| LCSH | Library of Congress Subject Headings (Library of Congress). A comprehensive controlled vocabulary (established list of preferred terms, often with cross references), primarily of topical subjects, with cross references, broader terms, narrower terms, and scope notes. LCSH is used by thousands of institutions to describe and index the content or subject of library and archival material. Developed for print material but also used for moving images. Part of the Library of Congress Authorities (http://authorities.loc.gov/) |
| MARC | MAchine Readable Cataloging (Library of Congress): http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc.html. A series of detailed standards for the structuring or tagging of data to facilitate the interchange of records between databases or files. The principal format is teh MARC 21 Format for Bibliographic Data, used for descriptions of library and archival materials. There are also formats for Authority (for controlled vocabularies, or established lists of preferred terms with cross references, Holdings, Classification, and Community Information. First developed in the 1960s. |
| MeSH | MEdical Subject Headings (National Library of Medicine, U.S.): http://www.nlm.nih.giv/mesh/meshhome.html. A comprehensive controlled vocabulary (established list of preferred terms, often with cross references), primarily of topical subjects, with cross references, broader terms, narrower terms, and scope notes, used to describe and index the content or subject of library and archival materials in the field of medicine. |
| Metadata schema | A labeling, tagging or coding system used for recording cataloging information or structuring descriptive records. A metadata schema establishes and defines data elements and the rules governing the use of data elements to describe a resource. |
| Microform | A storage medium for stroing printed text or images in photographically reduced size on a fil, usually in the form of a microfilm roll or microfiche card. |
| MODS | Metadata Object Description Schema (Library of Congress): http://www.loc.gov/standards/mods. A standard set of elements or labels to structure descriptive records in XML (eXtensible Markup Language). Intended to be able to carry selected data from existing MARC 21 records, as well as to enable to creation of original descriptive records. It includes a subset of MARC 21 bibliographic fields and uses language-based tags rather than numeric ones, in some cases regrouping elements from the MARC 21 bibliogrpahic format. Defined as an XML schema (http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema) of the World Wide Web Consortium (http://www.w3.org/). |
| MPEG-7 | MPEG-7, formally known as Multimedia Content Description Interface or ISO 15938 (Motion Picture Experts Group): http://mpeg.telecomitalialab.com/standards/mpeg-7/mpeg-7.htm. A set of standardized tools to describe multimedia resources, including still images, mocing images, audio, etc. Includes textual and nontextual indexing and description. Defined as an XML schema (http://www.w3.org/XML/Schema) of the World Wide Web Consortium (http://www.w3.org/). Expressed in XML (eXtensible Markup Language). Originally released in late 2001. |
| NLM | NLM Classification (National Library of Medicine, U.S.): http://wwwcf.nlm.nih.gov/class. A system of classifying library and archival materials in the field of medicine and related sciences. Designed for use in both large and small library collections. The NLM Classification is a system of mixed notation patterned after the Library of Congress Classification (LCC).
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| No catalog | An archive or library with no catalog provides no textual method of structuring and locating moving image resources, such as a database, card catalog, printed catalog or finding aid. |
| OAI data mining | The collecting or harvesting of cataloging or metadata inforamtion from OAI compliant databases of repositories, archives, libraries, etc., using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol. Service providers request data from data provider archives, often according to date stamps. http://www.openarchives.org/ |
| Online networked computer (not web-accessible) | A computerized catalog that is connected to a local area of wide area netowkr and can be searched by catalog users connected to the same network, but cannot be searched via the Internet and a web browser. |
| Portal | A website offering a wide variety of resources, services and links, especially one offering services within a particular industry, occupation or field or customizing services to a particular audience. |
| Print catalog, list or brochure | A repository's catalog that exists in card, book, or printout form, or as a printed list, book, or brochure. |
| RAD | Rules for Archival Description (Association of Canadian Archivists). Rules for describing archival collections in all formats, including moving images, maps, photographs, electronic records, sound recordings and textual materials. Based on the premise that description should occur on multiple levels (collection, series, title, etc.) |
| RAK | Regeln in die alphabetische Katalogisierung, Rules for describing materials in all formats. The German cataloging code, analogous to the Ango-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. |
| RICA | Regole Italiane di Catalogazione per Autori (Commissione permanente per l'aggiornamento della RICA). rules for describing materials in all formats. The Italian cataloging code, analogous to the Ango-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed. |
| Segment level | Refers to a cataloging description or record that focuses on one or more segments in a moving image or audio resource. |
| Series level | Refers to a cataloging description or record that focuses on the series that the individual moving image or audio resources are part of. |
| Shot level | Refers to a cataloging description or record that focuses on one or more shorts in a moving image resource. |
| SMEF | Standard Media Exchange Framework (British Broadcasting Corporation): http://www.bbc.co.uk/guidelines/smef/SMEF. A data dictionary which defines the attributes of data, the entities into which the data is grouped, and the relationships between these entities. It attempts to include all data a business needs to know about a particular media item throughout the lifecycle. |
| SMPTE | SMPTE Metadata Dictionaliry with associated guidelines and recommended practices (Society of Moving Pictures and Television Engineers). Metadata schema for digital audiovisual materials, designed for the production environment and covering the entire production chain: pre-production, post-production, acquisition, distribution, broadcasting, storage and archiving. |
| Standalone computer | A computer that is not connected to any online network and thus cannot share data with another computer. |
| SuDocs | Superintendent of Documents Classification (Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office): http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/fdlp/pubs/explain.html. A system for classifying publications of the U.S. federal government, which is designed to uniquely identify, logically related, and physically arrange each publication so that all publications of a single agency or department may be found together. |
| Subject heading list | A controlled vocabulary (established list of preferred terms, usually with cross references), generally of topical subjects, which can be added to a descriptive record to enable search and retrieval by subject. |
| Title level | Refers to a cataloging description or record that focuses on the entire moving image or audio resource. |
| ULAN | Union List of Artist Names (Getty Research Institute): http://www.getty.edu/research/tools/vocabulary/ulan/. A structured vocabulary containing names and information about individuals and "corporate bodies" (i.e., groups of people working together in a formal collaboration), involved in the design or creation of art and architecture. Scope is global and covers antiquity to the present. ULAN contains about 220,000 names. Entries include spelling variants, nicknames, pseudonyms, biographical data, etc. |
| Union catalog | A catalog that represents the holdings of more than one repository (archive, library, museum, etc.) |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator, the unique address which identifies a resource on the Internet for routing purposes, such as http://www.filmarchive.org. |
| VRA Core | Visual Resources Association Core Categories (Visual Resources Association): http://www.vraweb.org/vracore3.htm. A standard set of about 17 elements, with optional qualifiers, used to structure descriptive records and facilitate information sharing, intended for use in describing "works of visual culture," as we;; as the images that document them. |
| Web-accessible | Refers to a networked, online computerized catalog that can be searched by catalog users over the Internet, using a web browser. Catalog records will display in a format that can be read and displayed by a browser, such as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) or XML (eXtensible Markup Language) |
| Z39.50 | A standard which specifies a technical protocol for searching and retrieving information from multiple remote online catalogs or other Z39.50-compliant databases, regardless of the native search commands of those individual catalogs or databases. "Z39.50" refers to the numbers of the ISO and ANSI/NISO standards (ISO 23950 and ANSI/NISO Z39.50). The Library of Congress is the maintenance agency and registration authority for both standards, which are technically identical (http://www.loc/gov/z3950/agency). |